Biofuels
Biofuels
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are used either as a fuel for compression-ignition engines and for heating in 100% concentration, or as a component of the distillate fuel for compression-ignition engines and of the heating fuel. In concentration of 100% it is usable as fuel for cars containing the compression-ignition engine and for heating equipment designed or modified for the operation with 100% FAME.
Tests of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) acc. to STN EN 14214
| Property |
|---|
| Content of FAME |
| Density at 15 °C |
| Viscosity at 40 °C |
| Flash point |
| Cetane number |
| Corrosion on a copper plate (3 h at 50 °C) |
| Oxidizing stability (at 110 °C) |
| Acid number |
| Iodine number |
| Linolenic acid methyl ester |
| Polyolefines (≥4 olefinic bounds) methyl esters |
| Methanol content |
| Monoglycerides content |
| Diglycerides content |
| Triglycerides content |
| Free glycerol |
| Total glycerol |
| Water content |
| Impurities content |
| Sulphated ash content |
| Sulphur content |
| Metals of the 1st group (Na + K) |
| Metals of the 2nd group (Ca + Mg) |
| Phosphorus content |
| Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) |
Fuel mixtures tests – diesel oil and high content FAME (B11 – B30) acc. to TNI CEN/TR 16557
| Property |
|---|
| Density at 15 °C |
| Viscosity at 40 °C |
| Distillation test |
| Cetane number |
| Sulphur content |
| Flash point |
| Appearance |
| Water content |
| Acid number |
| Oxidizing stability (at 110 °C) |
| Impurities content |
| Content of FAME |
| Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) |
| Ash content |
| Metals of the 1st group (Na + K) |
| Metals of the 2nd group (Ca + Mg) |
Etanol E95
Ethanol E95 containing suitable additives is suitable for use in compression ignition engines. The compression ignition engine is subject to modification for use of such fuel.
| Property |
|---|
| Ethanol content |
| Methanol content |
| Density at 20 °C |
| Total acidity as acetic acid |
| Appearance |
| Water |
| Non-volatile fraction (evaporation residue) |
| Colour acc. to Hazen |
| Aldehyde content as acetaldehyde |
| Ester content as ethyl acetate |
| Total impurities |
| Lead content |
| Phosphorus content |
| Chlorides content |
| Copper content |
| Sulphur content |
Ethanol E85
Ethanol E85 is a mixture of 85% (V/V) of ethanol with motor petrol but also involving the option of diverse season mixing ratio containing more than 50% (V/V) of ethanol.
Ethanol E85 is used in cars with compression ignition engine designed for this type of fuel and used in so called flexible fuel vehicles (FFV).
Test of Ethanol E85 acc. to STN P CEN/TS 15293
| Property |
|---|
| Density at 15 °C |
| Oxidizing stability (inductive period) |
| Content of resin compounds after flushing |
| Corrosion on a copper plate (3 h at 50 °C) |
| Total acidity as acetic acid |
| Electric conductivity |
| Methanol content |
| Content of higher (C3-C5) saturated mono-alcohols |
| Content of ethers (5 and more carbon atoms) |
| Water content |
| Inorganic chlorine content |
| Copper content |
| Phosphorus content |
| Sulphur content |
| Sulphates content |
| Vapour pressure |
| Content of ethanol and higher saturated alcohols |
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